English Grammar

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Упражнение 113. Вставьте одно из следующих слов: some, the, а или оставьте пропуски незаполненными.

1. In ... bedroom of this flat there are twin beds, ... little bedside table between them, and ... chair. There are clothes thrown over ... chair. 2. Here is ... book that you left on my table yesterday. 3. ... men saw ... boat on ... river. 4. Can you give me ... match? 5. I get ... long letters from my mother, but only ... postcards from my brother. 6. The waitress put ... salad into each plate. 7. When did ... lesson begin? 8. Children must go to ... school. 9. Pass me ... piece of ... bread, please. 10. Do you like ... cucumbers? 11. We bought ... cucumbers at ... market. 12. We use ... pencils or ... pens when we write. 13. He was reading ... book when I came into ... room. 14. Give me ... water to drink, please. 15. At what time will ... meeting begin? 16. Do you find ... English difficult? 17. I got ... letter from my brother yesterday. 18. I had ... bread and ... butter and ... egg for ... breakfast this morning.
1. the, a, a; the. 2. the. 3. the, a, the. 4. a. 5. V, V. 6. some. 7. the. 8. V. 9. a, V. 10. V 11. some, the. 12. V., V. 13. a, the. 14. some. 15. the. 16. V. 17. a. 18. V, V, an, V.

Упражнение 114 Вставьте одно из следующих слов: some, any, nо, the, а или оставьте пропуски незаполненными.

1. I'm afraid there's ... juice in ... fridge. Would you like ... lemonade? 2. My friends from Chicago can't speak ... foreign languages. 3. She bought ... new books yesterday. 4. Where are ... books which you brought from ... library yesterday? 5. Did you buy ... apples when you were at... shop? 6. We could not skate because there was ... snow on ... ice. 7. ... house must have ... windows. 8. Most people like ... music. 9. There was ... meat on Nick's plate and ... fish on Tom's. 10. We saw ... houses in the distance. 11. ... cats like ... milk. 12. They stopped in ... front of ... house where Tom lived. 13. I showed him ... way to ... station. 14. What is ... name of ... street in which you live? 15.1 want to say ... words to your sister. 16. ... tea in this glass is cold. 17. ... sun was high in ... sky. 18. Oh, there are ... apples in ... vase: ... children have eaten all of them. Please put ... apples into ... vase. 19. Yesterday we had ... fish for dinner. 20. He gave me ... coffee. 21. I drank ... cup of ... coffee after ... dinner.
1. no, the; some. 2. any. 3. some. 4. the, the. 5. any, the. 6. V, the. 7. a, V. 8. V. 9. some, some. 10. some. 11. V., V. 12. V, the. 13. the, the. 14. the, the. 15. some. 16. the. 17. the, the. 18. no, the, the, some, the. 19. V 20. some. 21. a, V, V. 22. a. 23. any, any. 24. V, a, V.
Сравните     
плохо I have little time.    У меня мало времени.
хорошо I have a little time.    У меня есть немного времени.
плохо I have few books.  У меня мало книг.
хорошо I have a few books. 
 У меня есть несколько книг

Упражнение 115. Переведите на английский язык следующие пары слов.

Много тетрадей, много молока, много воды, много дней, много газет, много мела, много снега, много лет, много картин, много музыки, много мальчиков, много девочек, много чая, много лимонов, много мяса, много комнат, много учителей, много работы, много воздуха, много птиц, много машин.
Many exercise books, much milk, much water, many days, many newspapers, much chalk, much snow, many years, many pictures, much music, many boys, many girls, much tea, many lemons, much meat, many rooms, many teachers, much work, much air, many birds, many cars.


Много 		much time (ед. ч.)
many books (мн. ч.)


Мало 		little time (ед. ч.)
few books (мн. ч.)

Упражнение 116. Вставьте much или many.

1. I don't eat ... mangoes. 2. Не eats ... fish. 3. She ate so ... dessert that she is in bed today with a stomachache. 4. That man drank so ... wine, and he smoked so ... cigarettes that he has a terrible headache today. 5. Mary must not eat too ... salt because she has problems with her blood pressure. 6. My mother says I eat too ... French fries and drink too ... beer. She wants her son to be healthy. 7. There is not too ... space in my flat. 8. There are ... new pictures in this room. 9. There are ... teachers at our school, and ... of them are women. 10. ... of these plays are quite new. 11. Thanks awfully for the books you sent me yesterday. — Don't mention it, it wasn't ... bother. 12. ... of her advice was useful. 13. He had ... pairs of socks. 14. Please don't put ... pepper on the meat. 15. There were ... plates on the table. 16. I never eat ... bread with soup. 17. Why did you eat so ... ice cream? 18. She wrote us ... letters from the country. 19. ... of these students don't like to look up words in the dictionary. 20. ... in this work was too difficult for me. 21. ... of their answers were excellent. 22. ... of their conversation was about the institute.
1. many. 2. much. 3. much. 4. much, many. 5. much. 6. many, much. 7. much. 8. many. 9. many, many. 10. many. 11. much. 12. much. 13. many. 14. much. 15. many. 16. much. 17. much. 18. many. 19. many. 20. much. 21. many. 22. much.

Упражнение 117. Переведите на английский язык следующие пары слов.

Мало домов, мало чая, мало чашек, мало яблок, мало окон, мало бумаги, мало кофе, мало статей, мало радости, мало супа, мало деревьев, мало травы, мало детей, мало игрушек, мало света, мало парт, мало колбасы, мало сока, мало книг, мало цветов, мало соли, мало друзей, мало дворцов.
Few houses, little tea, few cups, few apples, few windows, little paper, little coffee, few articles, little joy, little soup, few trees, little grass, few children, few toys, little light, few desks, little sausage, little juice, few books, few flowers, little salt, few friends, few palaces.

Упражнение 118. Вставьте little или few.

l. Не has got ... friends. 2. I drink ... coffee. I don't like it. 3. We must hurry. We've got very ... time. 4. There are very ... scholarships for students in this university. 5. The Smiths have ... money. They aren't rich. 6. The theatre was almost empty. There were very ... people there. 7. There was ... lemonade in the bottle. There were ... peaches in the basket. 8. I have ... time, so I can't go with you. 9. He has ... English books. 10. There is ... ink in my pen. Have you got any ink? 11. There are ... bears in the zoo. 12. Tom Canty was the son of poor parents and had very ... clothes. 13. There is too ... soup in my plate. Give me some more, please. 14. The children returned from the wood very sad because they had found very ... mushrooms. 15. There was too ... light in the room, and I could not read. 16. There are very ... people who don't know that the Earth is round.
1. few. 2. little. 3. little. 4. few. 5. little. 6. few. 7. little; few. 8. little. 9. few. 10. little. 11. few. 12. few. 13. little. 14. few. 15. little. 16. few.

Упражнение 119. Вставьте much, many, little или few.

1. Robert wrote so ... letters that he's never going to write a letter again. 2. She ate so ... ice cream that she's going to have a sore throat. 3. There is ... mayonnaise in Vera's kitchen. She has to go to the supermarket and buy some. 4. There are ... cookies in the box. I should have bought them last Monday. 5. Does your sister read ... ? — Yes, she does. And your brother? — Oh, he doesn't. He has so ... books, but he reads very .... 6. Have you ... work to do today? — No, not very .... 7. Walk quicker, please. We have very ... time. 8. I am sorry to say, I have read very ... books by Walter Scott. 9. My broter is a young teacher. Every day he spends ... time preparing for his lessons. 10. I know very ... about the writer. It is the first book I am reading. 11. The pupils of our class ask ... questions at the lesson. They want to know everything. 12. You do not make mistakes in your spelling. Do you work hard at it? — Oh, yes, I do, I work very ....

1. many. 2. much. 3. little. 4. few. 5. much, many, little. 6. much, much. 7. little. 8. few. 9. much. 10. little. 11. many. 12. many, much.
Сравните     
плохо I have little time.    У меня мало времени.
хорошо I have a little time.    У меня есть немного времени.
плохо I have few books.  У меня мало книг.
хорошо I have a few books. 
 У меня есть несколько книг

Упражнение 120. Переведите на английский язык следующие пары слов.

Немного денег, мало денег, несколько стульев, мало стульев, несколько песен, мало песен, немного веселья, мало веселья, мало мальчиков, немного воды, несколько человек, мало воды, мало воздуха, мало столов, несколько минут, несколько кошек, мало травы, немного удачи, несколько дней, мало работы, немного соли, несколько ложек, мало света, мало окон, несколько машин, немного сахару, мало яиц, мало сыра.
A little money, little money, a few chairs, few chairs, a few songs, few songs, a little fun, little fun, few boys, a little water, a few people, little water, little air, few tables, a few minutes, a few cats, little grass, a little luck, a few days, little work, a little salt, a few spoons, little light, few windows, a few cars, a little sugar, few eggs, little cheese.

Упражнение 121. Вставьте a little, a few.

This is my mother's favorite recipe for fruitcake, and everybody says it's out of this world!

1. Put 3 cups of flour into a mixing bowl.

2. Add ... sugar.

3. Slice ... apples.

4. Cut up ... oranges.

5. Pour in ... honey.

6. Add ... baking soda.

7. Chop up ... nuts.

8. Add ... salt.

9. Mix in ... raisins.

10. Bake for 45 minutes.

Enjoy, dear!

2. a little. 3. a few. 4. a few. 5. a little. 6. a little. 7. a few. 8. a little. 9. a few. 10. a little. 11. a few. 12. a little. 13. a few, a little. 14. a few. 15. a little. 16. a little. 17. a few. 18. a few, a little. 19. a few. 20. a little. 21. a little.

Упражнение 122. Вставьте little, a little, few или a few.

1. There is ... salad left in this bowl. 2. Would you like ... salad? — Yes, thank you. My doctor says it's good for my health. 3. I have ... money, so we can go to the cinema. 4. I have ... money, so we cannot go to the cinema. 5. This girl works very ... , that's why she knows nothing. 6. Mother gave us ... apples, and we were glad. 7. He did not like it at the camp: he had very ... friends there. 8. This lemon drink is sour; if you put ... sugar in it, it will be sweeter. 9. This lemon drink is sour; if you put ... lumps of sugar in it, it will be sweeter. 10. The hall was almost empty: there were very ... people in it. 11. I can't buy this expensive hat today: I have too ... money. 12. She left and returned in ... minutes. 13. I think you can spare me ... time now. 14. I am sorry I have seen ... plays by this author.
1. little. 2. a little. 3. a little. 4. little. 5. little. 6. a few. 7. few. 8. a little. 9. a few. 10. few. 11. little. 12. a few. 13. a little. 14. few.

Упражнение 123. Вставьте much, many, little, few, a little или a few.

1. When we walked ... farther down the road, we met another group of students. 2. Have you got ... ink in your pen? 3. At the conference we met ... people whom we knew well. 4. There are very ... old houses left in our street. Most of them have already been pulled down. 5. If you have ... spare time, look through this book. You will find ... stories there which are rather interesting. 6. There are ... things here which I cannot understand. 7. Shall I bring ... more chalk? — No, thank you. There is ... chalk on the desk. I hope that will be enough for our lesson 8. He had ... English books at home, so he had to go to the library for more books. 9. She gave him ... water to wash his hands and face. 10. I'd like to say ... words about my journey. 11. After the play everybody felt ... tired. 12. Let's stay here ... longer: it is such a nice place. 13. There were ... new words the text, and Peter spent ... time learning them. 14. There was ... hay in the barn, and the children could not play there. 15. There was ... water in the river, and they decided to cross it. 16. My mother knows German ... and she can help you with the translation of this letter.
1. a little. 2. much. 3. a few. 4. few. 5. a little, a few. 6. a few. 7. a little, a little. 8. few. 9. a little. 10. a few. 11. a little. 12. a little. 13. many, much. 14. much. 15. little. 16. a little. 17. little.
Односложные и двусложные прилагательные
Положительная  степень Сравнительная  степень Превосходная  степень
small smaller  the smallest
large  larger  the largest
big  bigger  the biggest
happy  happier  the happiest


Упражнение 124. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степень следующих прилагательных. Не забудьте употреблять определенный артикль перед превосходной степенью прилагательных.

Hot, long, short, clever, silly, great, red, black, white, thin, thick, fat, nice, warm, cold, merry, small, tall, high, weak, strong, heavy, light, green, dry, clean, dirty, wide, deep, brave.
Hotter, the hottest; longer, the longest; cleverer, the cleverest; sillier, the silliest; greater, the greatest; redder, the reddest; blacker, the blackest; whiter, the whitest; thinner, the thinnest; thicker, the thickest; fatter, the fattest; nicer, the nicest; warmer, the warmest; colder, the coldest; merrier, the merriest; smaller, the smallest; taller, the tallest; higher, the highest; weaker, the weakest; stronger, the strongest; heavier, the heaviest; lighter, the lightest; greener, the greenest; drier, the driest; cleaner, the cleanest; dirtier, the dirtiest; wider, the widest; deeper, the deepest; braver, the bravest.
Запомните особые случаи образования степеней сравнения
Положительная степень Сравнительная степень Превосходная степень
old elder
older		 the eldest
the oldest
far  farther the farthest
good  better the best
bad  worse the worst


Упражнение 125. Переведите на английский язык.

Старый, старше, самый старый, самый старший, мой старший брат, мой старый друг, дальше, самый дальний, самый длинный, короче, счастливый, счастливее, самый счастливый, самый лучший, самый черный, длиннее, хуже, лучше, теплее, ее лучший друг, ее младший сын, его старший сын.
Old, older, the oldest, the eldest, my elder brother, my old friend, farther, the farthest, the longest, shorter, happy, happier, the happiest, the best, the blackest, longer, worse, better, warmer, her best friend, her younger son, his elder son.
Многосложные прилагательные
Положительная степень Сравнительная степень  Превосходная степень
interesting more interesting the most interesting
beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful


Упражнение 126. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

1. а. Я знаю интересную историю.

б. Он знает более интересную историю.

в. Она знает самую интересную историю.

2. а. Это длинный путь.

б. Это более длинный путь.

в. Это самый длинный путь.

3. а. Ее работа очень важна.

б. Его работа важнее.

в. Моя работа самая важная.

4. а. Это плохая песня.

б. Это еще более плохая песня.

в. Это самая плохая песня.

5. а. Он хороший инженер.

б. Он более хороший инженер.

в. Он самый лучший инженер.

6. а. Он принес ей красивый цветок.

б. Он принес ей более красивый цветок.

в. Он принес ей самый красивый цветок.

7. а. Он рассказал нам о счастливом человеке.

б. Он рассказал нам о более счастливом человеке.

в. Он рассказал нам о самом счастливом человеке.

1. a. I know an interesting story. б. He knows a more interesting story. в. She knows the most interesting story. 2. a. It is a long way. б. It is a longer way. в. It is the longest way. 3. a. Her work is very important. б. His work is more important. в. My work is the most important. 4. a. It is a bad song. б. It is a worse song. в. It is the worst song. 5. a. He is a good engineer. б. He is a better engineer. в. He is the best engineer. 6. a. He brought her a beautiful flower. б. He brought her a more beautiful flower. в. He brought her the most beautiful flower. 7. a. He told us about a happy man. б. He told us about a happier man. в. He told us about the happiest man.

Упражнение 127. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

1. Я думаю, что наш учитель английского языка был очень терпелив. 2. Наш старый доктор был всегда занят. Наш новый доктор даже более занят. 3. Моя учительница немецкого языка — самый энергичный человек. 4. Мы знаем, твой нижний сосед — очень скучный человек. 5. Я считаю, твой дедушка — самый щедрый человек, которого я когда-либо встречал. 6. Часы Рональда точные, но часы его тети более точные. 7. Она купила часы в Швейцарии, потому что она считает, что швейцарские часы самые точные в мире. 8. Тот телевизионный фильм гораздо хуже, чем сегодняшний фильм. 9. Какая самая смешная телевизионная программа? 10. Это были самые счастливые дни в ее жизни. 11. Это очень легкая задача. Дайте мне более трудную задачу. 12. Летом дни длинные, а ночи короткие. 13. 22 июня — самый длинный день. 14. В июле дни короче. 15. В декабре дни самые короткие. 16. "Четверка" — хорошая отметка, но "пятерка" лучше. 17. "Пятерка" — самая лучшая отметка. 18. Самая плохая отметка — "двойка". 19. Твое платье, конечно, очень красивое, но мое платье красивее. 20. Мой папа — высокий мужчина. 21. Это более теплое пальто.
1. I think our English teacher was very patient. 2. Our old doctor was always busy. Our new doctor is even busier. 3. My German teacher is the most energetic person. 4. We know your downstairs neighbour is a very boring man. 5. I think your grandfather is the most generous person I've ever met. 6. Ronald'd watch is accurate, but his aunt's watch is more accurate. 7. She bought her watch in Switzerland because she thinks Swiss watches are the most accurate in the world. 8. That film on TV is much worse than today's. 9. What's the funniest TV programme? 10. Those were the happiest days in her life. 11. It is a very easy problem. Give me a more difficult problem. 12. In summer the days are long and the nights are short. 13. The 22nd of June is the longest day. 14. In July the days are shorter. 15. In December the days are the shortest. 16. A "four" is a good mark, but a "five" is better. 17. A "five" is the best mark. 18. The worst mark is a "two". 19. Your dress is very beautiful, of course, but my dress is more beautiful. 20. My father is a tall man. 21. It is a warmer coat.

Упражнение 128. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму прилагательного.

1. A. How do you like Smucker's Sweet Orange Marmalade, Mrs. Johnson? В. I think it's (delicious). It's much (delicious) than the marmalade I usually buy. A. We agree with you, Mrs. Johnson. We think Smucker's Sweet Orange Marmalade is (delicious) marmalade in the world. 2. The rivers in America are much (big) than those in England. 3. The island of Great Britain is (small) than Greenland. 4. What is the name of the (high) mountain in Asia? 5. The English Channel is (wide) than the Straits of Gibraltar. 6 Russia is a very (large) country. 7. Which is (large): the United States or Canada? 8. What is the name of the (big) port in the United States? 9. Moscow is the (large) city in Russia. 10. The London underground is the (old) in the world. 11. There is a (great) number of cars and buses in the streets of Moscow than in any other city of Russia. 12. St. Petersburg is one of the (beautiful) cities in the world.
1. В. delicious, more delicious. A. the most delicious. 2. bigger. 3. smaller. 4. the highest. 5. wider. 6. large. 7. larger. 8. the biggest. 9. the largest. 10. the oldest. 11. greater. 12. the most beautiful.

Запомните:

as ... as — такой же ... как

not so ... as — не такой... как

not as ... as — не такой ... как

В современном английском языке употребляется not as ...as. См. Raymond Murphy "Essential Grammar In Use".

a) A book for elementary students: Unit 88 — Rome is not as old as Athens.

b) A book for intermediate students: Unit 106 — But he isn't as rich as Shirly.

Упражнение 129. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.

1. English is as difficult as German. 2. My composition is not as long as yours. 3. It isn't as warm today as it was yesterday. 4. The house his aunt lives in is as old as the one his uncle lives in. 5. His apartment isn't as elegant as her apartment, but it's much bigger. 6. Johnny isn't as rich as Don but he is younger and much happier. 7. My dog isn't as friendly as your dog. 8. You can eat as much as you like. 9. A football match isn't as exciting as a hockey match. 10. The hotel isn't as cheap as we expected. 11. His songs aren't as popular as the Beatles' songs. 12. Her brother is as intelligent as his wife.
1. Английский язык такой же трудный, как и немецкий. 2. Мое сочинение не такое длинное, как твое. 3. Сегодня не так тепло, как было вчера. 4. Дом, в котором живет его тетя, такой же старый, как и дом, в котором живет его дядя. 5. Его квартира не такая роскошная, как ее, но она гораздо больше. 6. Джонни не такой богатый, как Дон, но он моложе и гораздо счастливее. 7. Моя собака не такая дружелюбная, как твоя. 8. Ты можешь есть столько, сколько хочешь. 9. Футбольный матч не такой захватывающий, как хоккейный. 10. Этот отель не такой дешевый, как мы ожидали. 11. Его песни не такие популярные, как песни Битлз. 12. Ее брат такой же интеллигентный, как и его жена.

Упражнение 130. Вставьте as ... as или so ... as.

1. Mike is ... tall ... Pete. 2. Kate is not ... nice ... Ann. 3. My room is ... light ... this one. 4. This book is not... thin ... that one. 5. Sergei is ... old ... Michael. 6. She is ... young ... Tom's brother. 7. This woman is ... good ... that one. 8. Nick's English is not ... good ... his friend's. 9. I am not ... tall ... Pete. 10. This woman is ... young ... that one. 11. I am ... thin ... you. 12. Kate is ... lazy ... her brother. 13. This child is not ... small ... that one.
1. as...as. 2. so...as (as...as). 3. as...as. 4. so...as (as...as). 5. as...as. 6. as...as. 7. as...as. 8. so...as (as...as). 9. so...as (as...as). 10. as...as. 11. as...as. 12. as...as. 13. so...as (as...as).