Предлоги времени: ON

В воскресенье — On Sunday

Пятого марта - On the 5th of March

Упражнение 146. Вставьте предлоги at или on.

1. I get up ... seven o'clock or ... a quarter past seven. 2. ... Sunday I usually get up ... nine o'clock or ... half past nine. But last Sunday I slept very long and got up only ... noon. 3. My birthday is ... the ninth of July. 4. The school year begins ... the first of September. 5. ... the twenty-fifth of December people celebrate Christmas. 6. ... Wednesday I usually have a lot of homework. 7. Lev Tolstoy liked to get up ... sunrise. 8. Our lessons are usually over ... twenty minutes to two. 9. They returned from the wood ... sunset. 10. I began writing my composition ... seven o'clock and finished only ... midnight.

1. at, at. 2. on, at, at, at. 3. on. 4. on. 5. on. 6. on. 7. at. 8. at. 9. at. 10. at, at.

Предлоги времени: IN.

В 1997 году - in 1997

В марте — in March

Но: в этом году — this year

в прошлом году — last year

в будущем году — next year

А также: в этом месяце — this month

в прошлом месяце — last month

в будущем месяце - next month

А также: на этой неделе - this week

на прошлой неделе - last week

на будущей неделе — next week

Упражнение 147. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя предлоги at, on, in, to.

В прошлом месяце моя тетя не ходила на работу. Она вставала в десять часов и ложилась спать в полночь. Она часто ходила в театр и в кино. Но в этом месяце она встает на восходе солнца, потому что она опять ходит на работу. Она работает в институте. Учебный год в институте начинается в сентябре, а кончается в мае. В январе и в июне студенты сдают экзамены. Тетя ходит в институт во вторник, в среду, в четверг и в субботу. В понедельник она всегда работает в библиотеке. В пятницу она обычно ездит за город. Она встает в семь часов и едет на вокзал. За городом она проводит целый день и возвращается в город на закате. На будущей неделе моя тетя поедет в Лондон, а в будущем году — в Нью-Йорк.

Last month my aunt didn't go to work. She got up at ten o'clock and went to bed at midnight. She often went to the theatre and to the cinema. But this month she gets up at sunrise because she goes to work again. She works at an institute. The academic year at the institute begins in September and finishes in May. In January and June students take examinations. My aunt goes to the institute on Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Saturday. On Monday she always works at the library. On Friday she usually goes to the country. She gets up at seven o'clock and goes to the railway station. She spends the whole day in the country and returns to town at sunset. Next week my aunt will go to London and next year she will go to New York.

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочетания с предлогом in.

весной - in spring

летом - in summer

осенью - in autumn

зимой - in winter

утром- in the morning

днем - in the afternoon

вечером- in the evening

Но: ночью - at night

Упражнение 148. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Четвертого июня мы поедем за город. 2. Я люблю ходить в парк осенью. 3. На этой неделе мы будем встречать наших друзей в аэропорту. Самолет прибывает в семь часов вечера. Я думаю, что мы ляжем спать только в полночь. 4. Прошлой зимой он часто ходил на каток в воскресенье. 5. На прошлой неделе мы ходили в Русский музей. 6. Летом солнце встает рано утром, а садится поздно вечером. 7. Прошлым летом мы ездили на юг. Когда мы были на юге, мы ходили к морю каждый день. Мы вставали на рассвете и купались в море. В полдень мы обедали и отдыхали. Вечером мы ходили в парк. На закате мы часто ходили к морю и возвращались домой в половине одиннадцатого или в одиннадцать. 8. В будущем году мы поедем на Дальний Восток. 9. На будущей неделе я пойду в театр. 10. Диккенс родился в 1812 году.

1. On the fourth of June we shall go to the country. 2. I like to go to the park in autumn. 3. This week'we shall meet our friends at the airport. The plane arrives at seven o'clock in the evening. I think that we shall go to bed only at midnight. 4. Last winter he often went to the skating rink on Sunday. 5. Last week we went to the Russian Museum. 6. In summer the sun rises early in the morning and sets late in the evening. 7. Last summer we went to the south. When we were in the south, we went to the sea every day. We got up at sunrise and bathed in the sea. At noon we had dinner and rested. In the evening we went to the park. At sunset we often went to the sea and returned home at half past ten or at eleven. 8. Next year we shall go to the Far East. 9. Next week I shall go to the theatre. 10. Dickens was born in 1812.

Предлоги времени: BY

К пяти часам — by 5 o'clock

К 2003 году — by 2003

К завтрашнему дню — by tomorrow

Предлоги времени: SINCE

С прошлого года — since last year

С весны — since spring

С 1998 года - since 1998

С утра — since morning

С трех часов - since 3 o'clock

Упражнение 149. Переведите на английский язык следующие словосочетания.

В пять часов, к пяти часам, с пяти часов, в полдень, к полудню, с полудня, с полуночи, к полуночи, в полночь, с прошлого года, в прошлом году, в этом году, к 2005 году, к двадцатому февраля, двадцатого февраля, с утра, к ночи, ночью, к первому ноября, в ноябре, с лета, во вторник, к пятнице, в половине третьего, к завтрашнему дню, на восходе солнца, к весне, весной, прошлой весной, с прошлой весны, к зиме, в будущем году, к будущему году, со вчерашнего дня.

At five o'clock, by five o'clock, since five o'clock, at noon, by noon, since noon, since midnight, by midnight, at midnight, since last year, last year, this year, by 2005, by the twentieth of February, on the twentieth of February, since morning, by night, at night, by the first of November, in November, since summer, on Tuesday, by Friday, at half past two, by tomorrow, at sunrise, by spring, in spring, last spring, since last spring, by winter, next year, by next year, since yesterday.

Обратите внимание на употребление Present Perfect в отрицательных предложениях с предлогом since.

I haven't been to the Hermitage since winter.

Упражнение 150. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Я не слышал эту песню с прошлой зимы. 2. Она не была в театре с прошлого месяца. 3. Мы не разговаривали об этом с прошлой недели. 4. Ты не подходила к роялю с понедельника. 5. Сейчас уже вечер, а ты с трех часов ничего не сделал. 6. Мы не были в Москве с 1999 года. 7. Он не писал нам с прошлого года. 8. Я не видел его со вчерашнего дня. 9. Она не ела с самого утра. 10. Мы не играли в футбол с лета.

1. I haven't heard this song since last winter. 2. She hasn't been to the theatre since last month. 3. We haven't spoken about it since last week. 4. You haven't approached the piano since Monday. 5. It is already evening, and you haven't done anything since three o'clock. 6. We haven't been to Moscow since 1999. 7. He hasn't written to us since last year. 8. I haven't seen him since yesterday. 9. She hasn't eaten since morning. 10. We haven't played football since summer.

Запомните

через час - in an hour

через год - in a year

через два дня- in two days

через несколько минут – in a few minutes

Упражнение 151. Переведите на английский язык.

1. В прошлое воскресенье мы встали на рассвете и к семи часам были готовы идти. В десять минут восьмого мы отправились. Мы пошли на автобусную остановку. На остановке было мало народу: в воскресенье люди не любят вставать на рассвете. Автобус подошел к остановке через десять минут. Мы поехали на вокзал. Через полчаса мы были на вокзале. На платформе мы встретили своих друзей. Через час мы были уже за городом. Мы пошли в лес. Было жарко, но когда мы вошли в лес, стало прохладно. Мы провели за городом весь день и вернулись в город на закате. 2. Он придет через час. 3. Подождите, пожалуйста, я вернусь через несколько минут. 4. Мы окончим школу через несколько лет. 5. Через два или три года все изменится. 6. Я не был в Эстонии с 1997 года. Будущим летом я поеду туда. Я проведу там все лето и вернусь в Санкт-Петербург к первому сентября.

1. Last Sunday we got up at sunrise and by seven o'clock we were ready to go. At ten minutes past seven we started. We went to the bus stop. There were few people at the stop: on Sunday people don't like to get up at sunrise. The bus came up to the stop in ten minutes. We went to the railway station. In half an hour we were at the railway station. On the platform we met our friends. In an hour we were already in the country. We went to the forest. It was hot, but when we went into the forest, it became cool. We spent the whole day in the country and returned to town at sunset. 2. He will come in an hour. 3. Wait a little, please, I shall return in a few minutes. 4. We shall finish school in a few years. 5. In two or three years everything will change. 6. I haven't been to Estonia since 1997. Next summer I shall go there. I shall spend the whole summer there and return to St. Petersburg by the first of September.

Предлоги, передающие падежные отношения

Обратите внимание на соответствие некоторых предложных оборотов русским падежным формам:

of — родительный

the leg of the table — ножка стола

to — дательный

explain to me - объясните мне

Упражнение 152. Вставьте предлоги to или of.

1. The young scientist was trying to prove ... the professor the necessity ... the experiment. 2. London is the capital ... Great Britain. 3. The embankments ... the Neva are faced with granite. 4. It is clear ... me that you don't know your lesson. 5. He was devoted ... his friend. 6.1 explained ... the teacher that by the end ... the lesson I had not finished the translation ... the text and that's why I had not handed it ... him. The surprise ... the teacher was great. My explanation seemed strange ... the teacher. 7. He bought a book ... English poems and gave it ... his sister. 8. I wrote ... him asking to send me a box ... chocolates. 9. The roof ... the house is very old. 10. There is a monument ... Pushkin in the Square ... Arts. 11. One wheel ... my car must be changed. 12. He was standing outside the door ... his house and explaining ... the mechanic what was wrong with his car. 13. He gave her a big bunch ... flowers. 14. I sent a letter ... my friend. 15. The streets ... St. Petersburg are straight. 16. Many pages ... this book are torn.

1. to, of. 2. of. 3. of. 4. to. 5. to. 6. to, of, of, to, of, to. 7. of, to. 8. to, of. 9. of. 10. to, of. 11. of. 12. of, to. 13. of. 14. to. 15. of. 16. of.

Сочетания существительных с предлогами with и by соответствуют русскому творительному падежу.

Не путайте употребление этих предлогов:

with обозначает орудие (чем произведено действие)

by обозначает деятеля (кто совершил действие)

with a knife - ножом

by my brother - братом

Упражнение 153. Вставьте предлоги with или bу.

1. Не was taken to hospital ... an ambulance. 2. He was treated ... very effective drugs. 3. He was cured ... a very skilful doctor. 4. He wrote his letter ...a pencil. 5. He was scolded ... his mother. 6. The boy cut his finger ... a knife. 7. The boat was carried ... the waves into the open sea. 8. The teacher was pleased ... our work. 9. America was discovered ... Columbus. 10. "Hamlet" was written ... Shakespeare. 11. We eat soup ... a spoon. 12. He was killed ... a knife. 13. He was killed ... the robbers. 14. He was knocked down ... a big stick. 15. He was knocked down ... a car.

1. by. 2. with. 3. by. 4. with. 5. by. 6. with. 7. by. 8. with. 9. by. 10. by. 11. with. 12. with. 13. by. 14. with. 15. by.

Запомните употребление предлогов со следующими глаголами и выражениями:

They listened to me — Они слушали меня

They looked at me - Они смотрели на меня

They waited for me — Они ждали меня

They spoke to me — Они говорили со мной

They laughed at me — Они смеялись надо мной

They complained of me — Они жаловались на меня

They were afraid of me — Они боялись меня

They answered my question — Они ответили на мой вопрос

They entered the room — Они вошли в комнату

They turned the corner — Они повернули за угол

Упражнение 154. Вставьте предлоги, где необходимо.

1. We tried to speak ... him, but he did not want to listen ... us. He did not even look ... us and did not answer ... our questions. 2. Your brother complains ... you. He says you always laugh ... him, never speak ... him and never answer ... his questions. 3. When I entered ... the room, everybody looked ... me with surprise: they had not waited ... me. 4. At the end ... the street she turned ... the corner, walked ... the bus stop and began waiting ... the bus. 5. My mother is afraid ... rats. 6. "What do you complain ...?" asked the doctor. 7. Don't enter ... the room. 8. What are you laughing ... ? 9. They did not want to listen ... me. 10. Wait... me. I'll be back ... a few minutes. 11. Yesterday the teacher spoke ... us about the architecture ... St. Petersburg. 12. My grandmother often complains ... headache. 13. I am sorry, I cannot speak ... you now, the professor is waiting ... me. I must go ... the institute and explain ... him some details ... our work. Come ... the evening, I shall listen ... you very attentively and answer ... all your questions. 14. Turn ... the corner ... the house and look ... the flowers grown ... my mother: aren't they beautiful? 15. He was an excellent pupil, and the teachers never complained ... him. 16. She complained ... feeling bad and could not answer ... the questions ... the teacher. 17. ... nine o'clock the lecturer entered ... the hall, walked up ... the table, put his bag ... it, looked ... everybody and began his lecture. The lecture, as all the lectures ... this professor, was very interesting, and the students listened ... him with great attention.

1. to, to, at, V. 2. about, at, to, V. 3. V, at, for. 4. of, V, to, for. 5. of, 8. of. 7. V 8. at. 9. to. 10. for, in. 11. to, of. 12. of. 13. to. for, to, to, of, in, to, V. 14. V, of, at, by. 15. about. 16. of, V, of. 17. at, V, to, on, at, of, to.

1. Complain of употребляется при жалобах на боли или болезни.

2. Complain about — в остальных случаях. См. Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture, p. 256:
1) He went to the doctor complaining of difficulty in breathing.
2) They complained bitterly about the injustice of the system.

Обратите внимание на способы перевода русского предлога «через»:

через час — in an hour

через дорогу - across the road

через поле — across the field

через лес — through the wood

через реку (вброд, вплавь, на лодке) - across the river

через реку (по мосту, по воздуху) - over the river

через забор — over the fence

Обратите внимание на способы перевода русского предлога «по»:

по улице — along (down) the street

по реке — down (up) the river

по морю — across the sea

по городу - about the town

по комнате - about the room

по коридору - along the corridor

по стране - about the country

Упражнение 155. Переведите на английский язык, обращая внимание на способы перевода предлогов через и по.

1. Пройдите по этому коридору, заверните за угол в конце коридора и войдите в первую комнату. 2. Через пять минут все сидели за столом и слушали бабушку. 3. Он смотрел на лодки, плывущие по реке. 4. В прошлом году мы путешествовали по Европе. 5. Он шел по улице и смотрел на лица прохожих. 6. Собака подбежала к реке, прыгнула в воду, переплыла реку и вбежала в лес. 7. Он перешел дорогу и вошел в кафе. 8. Она ходила по комнате. 9. Они плавали по южным морям. 10. Иди по этой дорожке через поле и через лес, и через два-три часа ты подойдешь к реке. 11. Они бродили по городу с рассвета до заката, говорили с многими людьми, смотрели на прекрасные дворцы и памятники. Вечером они вернулись в гостиницу усталые, но довольные. 12. Том Сойер перепрыгнул через забор и побежал по улице. Через несколько секунд он повернул за угол и исчез.

1. Walk along this corridor, turn the corner at the end of the corridor and go into the first room. 2. In five minutes everybody was sitting at the table and listening to their grandmother. 3. He looked at the boats sailing down the river. 4. Last year we travelled about Europe. 5 He was walking along the street and looking at the faces of the passersby. 6. The dog ran up to the river, jumped into the water, swam across the river and ran into the forest. 7. He crossed the street and entered the cafe. 8. She was walking about the room. 9. They sailed across the southern seas. 10. Walk along this path across the field and through the wood, and in two or three hours you will come up to a river. 11. They were walking about the town from sunrise till sunset, talked to many people, looked at fine palaces and monuments. In the evening they returned to the hotel tired but pleased. 12. Tom Sawyer jumped over the fence and ran along the street. In a few seconds he turned the corner and disappeared.

to be (быть) в Present Simple Tense (Present Indefinite Tense)

Утверждение	Отрицание	Вопрос
I am	I am not	Am I?
He is	He is not	Is he?
She is	She is not	Is she?
It is	It is not	Is it?
We are	We are not	Are we?
You are	You are not	Are you?
They are	They are not	Are they?

Краткие ответы на вопросы с глаголом to be в Present Simple Tense (Present Indefinite Tense)

Am I ?	Yes, I am — Да	No, I am not — Нет
Is he?	Yes, he is — Да	No, he is not — Нет
Is she?	Yes, she is — Да	No, she is not — Нет
Is it?	Yes, it is — Да	No, it is not — Нет
Are we?	Yes, we are — Да	No, we are not — Нет
Are you?	Yes, you are — Да	No, you are not — Нет
Are they?	Yes, they are — Да	No, they are not — Нет

Упражнение 156. Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple.

1. What ... your name? — My name ... Shirley Frank. 2. What ... your address? — My address ... 175 Grand Central Parkway. 3. What... your phone number? — My phone number ... 718-1930. 4. Where ... you from? — I ... from New York. 5. I ... a pupil. 6. My father ... not a teacher, he ... a scientist. 7. ... your aunt a doctor? — Yes, she ... . 8. ... they at home? — No, they ... not at home, they ... at work. 9. My brother ... a worker. He ... at work. 10. ... you an engineer? — Yes, I ... . 11. ... your sister a typist? — No, she ... not a typist, she ... a student. 12. ... your brother at school? — Yes, he ... . 13. ... your sister at school? — No, she ... not at school. 14. My sister ... at home. 15. ... this your watch? — Yes, it ... . 16. She ... an actress. 17. This ... my bag. 18. My uncle ... an office worker. 19. He ... at work. 20. Helen ... a painter. She has some fine pictures. They ... on the walls. She has much paper. It ... on the shelf. The shelf ... brown. It ... on the wall. Helen has a brother. He ... a student. He has a family. His family ... not in St. Petersburg, it ... in Moscow.

1. What is your name? — My name is Shirley Frank. 2. What is your address? — My address is 175 Grand Central Parkway. 3. What is your phone number? — My phone number is 718-1930. 4. Where are you from? — I am from New York. 5. I am a pupil. I go to school. 6. My father is not a teacher, he is a scientist. 7. Is your aunt a doctor? — Yes, she is. 8. Are they at home? — No, they are not at home, they are at work. 9. My brother is a worker. He is at work. 10. Are you an engineer? — Yes, I am. 11. Is your sister a typist? — No, she is not a typist, she is a student. 12. Is your brother at school? — Yes, he is. 13. Is your sister at school? — No, she is not at school. 14. My sister is at home. 15. Is this your watch? — Yes, it is. 16. She is an actress. 17. This is my bag. 18. My uncle is an office worker. 19. He is at work. 20. Helen is a painter. She has some fine pictures. They are on the walls. She has much paper. It is on the shelf. The shelf is brown. It is on the wall. Helen has a brother. He is a student. He has a family. His family is not in St. Petersburg, it is in Moscow.

Упражнение 157. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глагол to be в Present Simple.

1. Как тебя зовут? — Меня зовут Аня. 2. Какой твой адрес? — Мой адрес: Оксфорд Стрит, 45. 3. Откуда ты родом? (... приехала?) — Я из Лондона. 4. Кто он (на фотографии)? — Это мой отец. 5. Как его зовут? — Его зовут Джон. 6. Где он? — Он в Лондоне. 7. Я Лена, а это Коля. Он мой брат. Ему 10 лет, а мне 12 лет. Мы из Петербурга. 8. Я ученик. Я в школе. 9. Мой брат — художник. Он не инженер. 10. Моя сестра на работе. Она врач. 11. Он студент. 12. Вы студент? — Нет, я врач. 13. Моя сестра дома. 14. Мы не в школе. Мы дома. 15. Мой брат — ученик. Он в школе. 16. Ваша мама дома? — Нет, она на работе. 17. Ваш двоюродный брат дома? — Нет, он в школе. Он ученик. 18. Ваша сестра — учительница? — Нет, она студентка. 19. Твой папа на работе? — Нет, он дома. 20. Твоя сестра — машинистка? — Да. — Она дома? — Нет, она на работе. 21. Мой дедушка — ученый. 22. Моя мама — не учительница. Она врач.

1. What's your name? — My name is Ann. 2. What's your address? — My address is 45 Oxford Street. 3. Where are you from? — I'm from London. 4. Who is he (in this photograph?) — He is my father. 5. What is his name? — His name is John. 6. Where is he? — He is in London. 7. I am Lena and this is Nick. He is my brother. He is ten (years old) and I am twelve (years old). We are from St. Petersburg. 8. I am a pupil. I am at school. 9. My brother is a painter. He is not an engineer. 10. My sister is at work. She is a doctor. 11. He is a student. 12. Are you a student? — No, I am a doctor. 13. My sister is at home. 14. We are not at school. We are at home. 15. My brother is a pupil. He is at school. 16. Is your mother at home? — No, she is at work. 17. Is your cousin at home? — No, he is at school. He is a pupil. 18. Is your sister a teacher? — No, she is a student. 19. Is your father at work? — No, he is at home. 20. Is your sister a typist? — Yes, she is. — Is she at home? — No, she is at work. 21. My grandfather is a scientist. 22. My mother is not a teacher. She is a doctor.